Dry Eye Disease Rates High in South America

Researchers from Colombia and Ecuador have identified that dry eye disease (DED)-related symptoms are more prevalent in South America compared to global averages, underscoring significant regional health challenges. The study, led by first author Valentina Loaiza-Guevara from the Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas in Pereira, Colombia, highlights the need for targeted public health strategies to address DED in South American populations.

Global Comparison of DED Prevalence Rates

While the prevalence of DED varies significantly worldwide, ranging from 11.59% to over 50%, rates tend to be highest in Asian regions like China, Tibet, and Korea. However, the Americas have less well-defined data, with the United States showing an estimated DED prevalence of about 8.1%. Limited DED data exists for South America, with prior research primarily focused on Brazil and Chile.

Systematic Review of South American DED Data

The investigators conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases to assess DED prevalence and associated factors in South America. Sixteen studies meeting specific criteria were selected, covering six South American countries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela—and data spanning from 2008 to 2023.

Findings on DED Symptom Prevalence in South America

The analysis revealed considerable variability in DED symptom prevalence across South American populations, with rates ranging from 4% to 77.5% and an average prevalence of 39.3%. Certain groups displayed notably higher prevalence rates, such as university students (58.6%) and administrative workers (57.9%).

Key Factors Associated with DED Symptoms

The study identified several factors linked to an increased likelihood of DED symptoms in South America, including:

• Female sex

• Older age

• Prolonged screen time

• Insufficient sleep

• Hypertension

• Connective tissue disorders

• Use of medications like antihypertensives and antidepressants

Call for Standardized Diagnostic Tools and Further Research

The authors highlighted the need for standardized diagnostic tools and larger epidemiologic studies across South America to fully understand the burden of DED in the region. "Comprehensive research and tailored public health strategies are essential for addressing DED’s impact on South American populations," they concluded. These efforts aim to improve diagnosis, awareness, and treatment options for DED in the region, where it has become a significant public health concern.

References

Loaiza-Guevara V, Salazar-Santoliva C, Villota-Arevalo AJ, et al.Understanding the dry eye disease-related symptoms in South America: prevalence and associated factors—a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2024;13:6060; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206060

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