Women, especially menopausal women with comorbidities, are at greater risk for developing dry eye syndrome and subsequent negative effects on their overall eye health.

Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is best treated with photodynamic therapy, while a watch and wait approach is a reasonable option for acute disease.

It was long theorized that regions of ischemic retina released some type of unknown factor that promoted growth of new vasculature (i.e., neovascularization).

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) involves selective replacement of diseased corneal stroma while preserving normal healthy endothelium.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children under the age of 16.

Technology has always underscored major innovations in ophthalmology whether diagnostic or surgical. In this respect robotics or more precisely microrobotics is the latest chapter of this long tradition.

Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is a cornea transplant technique that is the preferred way to restore vision when the inner cell layer of the cornea stops working properly from Fuchs’ dystrophy, bullous keratopathy, iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome,

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss; there is strong genetic susceptibility at the complement factor H (CFH) locus.

Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) play an important role in the development of new approaches to surgery. Knowledge of the new techniques and advances in new OVDs is crucial to performing routine and complicated surgeries.

Usher syndrome is the most common condition that affects both hearing and vision; sometimes it also affects balance. The major symptoms of Usher syndrome are deafness or hearing loss and an eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP) [re-tin-EYE-tis pig-